In cooperation with:
　　Kadoorie Farm & Botanic Garden
　　IUCN - The World Conservation Union
　　WWF - China Programme
Funded by:
　　Norwegian Agency for Development Cooperation (NORAD)
　　British Government Environmental Project Fund
Chief editors: John MacKinnon and XIE Yan
Editor board: (in alphabetical order)
　　John Fellowes, Billy Haw, Susan Mainka, Peter Schei, Andrew Smith, WANG Sung
Authors: (in alphabetical order)
　　CHEN Lingzhi, CHEN Zuozong, CUI Ping, DING Jianqing, FENG Guoqiang, Robert Hoffmann, LI Zhenyu, SHEN Guofang, SHI 　　Zuomin, SHU Lifu, WANG Hong, WANG Huoran, WANG Xianpu, YU Xiubo,
　　ZHOU Jingzhao, ZHU Chunquan
Contributors: (in alphabetical order)
　　CHEN Weilie, Jim Harkness, JIN Jianming, LI Dianmo, LIU Hongwen, LIU Shirong, MA Keping,
　　Jeff McNeely, OUYANG Zhiyun, Siobhan Peters, QIN Jianhua, SONG Chaoshu, YANG Hanxi,
　　ZENG Xiangming, ZHANG Dahua, ZHAO Shidong, ZHU Guangqing
Translators:
　　XIE Yan, CHEN Yangzheng, WU Lihui, CHAI Wansuo, CHEN Gang, GUO Yingfeng, QIN Hua

Forests are more than wood
Tree + Tree is not equal to Forest
Nature does it best and Nature does it for free

Contents

Executive Summary
Introduction
Principles of restoring vegetation

1. Promote the use of native species and minimize reliance on exotic species
2. Aim toward the appropriate climax vegetation
3. Cover denuded ground
4. Promote heterogeneity and follow natural succession pathways
5. Restore ecological interactions
6. Prioritise protection of existing natural ecosystems
7. Extend natural ecosystems through closure of degraded lands
8. Use appropriate measures to accelerate natural regeneration
9. Zone according to major land-use objective
10. Ensure that forestry, agriculture, grazing and collecting are sustainable
11. Protect vegetation against fire
12. Protect regenerating ecosystems against pests, diseases and invasive species/genes
13. Monitor and research biodiversity and ecosystem integrity
14. Manage for threatened species
15. Involve the community and promote public awareness
16. Plan holistically

Restoring China's Degraded Environment - The Role of Natural Vegetation (suggested illustration)

illustration of forest succession circulation

Annex A. Functions, benefits and values of natural vegetation in China
A.1 Water and soil conservation 29
A.2 Climate and weather moderation 34
A.3 Pollution control 37
A.4 Biological disaster prevention 37
A.5 Biodiversity conservation and utilization 38
A.6 Renewable energy 40
A.7 Summary of ecological services provided by natural vegetation

Reference