| Programme |
Do |
Do Not |
Economic potential |
Investment required |
| Strengthening the protection
of Forests and grasslands |
Close forests from fire, cutting,
browsing by domestic animals, and hunting
Maintain natural species mix, age-staggered forests and high ground cover
Preserve natural agents of pollination and seed dispersal and wildlife that
control pests
Develop representative protected areas
Develop fire protection plans
|
Convert natural grasslands
to forest
Open up forests with too many roads
Reforest with monoculture plantations
Farming high altitude grassland
|
Employment of forest guards
Develop tourism with spin off industries
Grazing by non-browsers
Sustainable collection and rearing of medicinal plants
|
Tourism development
Training of local people for
tourism and handicrafts work
Forest protection work
|
| Restoring forest on degraded
and bare hills |
Zoning into 'ecological' versus
'sustainable production' forests, but ecological function needs should
have precedence
Plant mixed forests of as near natural composition as possible
May have to follow seral succession phases to reach stable forest condition
Use rather than run counter to the local forces of nature. May have to
provide soil and water to young trees until established
Close forests from cutting, burning, hunting and browsing
Develop forest connectivity with existing forests to allow biodiversity
to recolonise new forests
Encourage dense ground cover
|
*Plant single-aged plantations
of monocultures or exotic species
Clean undergrowth under plantations
Plant fire-prone plantations
*Plant species out of their natural zones (e.g. conifers in broadleaf zone)
(*In forests developed primarily for sustainable timber production, the
guidelines may be relaxed.)
|
·Develop sustainable forestry
plots for timber, bamboo, mushrooms and medicinal plants
Employment of guards and foresters and nurserymen
Employment of fire protection staff
Some tourism potential
Some potential for animal husbandry e.g. pheasants
|
Costs of reforestation, aftercare
and fire protection
Tourism development
Sustainable forest industries investments
|
| Emergency treatment of bare
land scars |
Augment physical engineering
treatment with establishment of tree and especially ground vegetation
Plant with turf and bamboo clumps, not just seed or seedlings
|
Use unnecessary and potential
weed-forming exotic species |
Employment of treatment staff
and nurseries |
Costs for nurseries development
and wages of associated work crews |
| Returning steep farmland to
tree and grass cover |
Ensure that most forests are
'ecological' rather than 'economic'
Ecological forests should follow guidelines as for forest restoration
Study regional vegetation and natural succession sequences in planning reforestation
Economic tree crops should be diversified
Long duration compensation paid to farmers
Promote terracing on steep farms
|
Economic tree crops with poor
ground cover
Free-ranging browsing animals
Convertion of slopes with good terracing or low natural soil loss
Plant whole regions under one dominant economic species
|
Production of fruits, timber,
bamboo, mushrooms, medicinal plants and penned animals |
·Compensation programmes for
farmers abandoning farmlands
Training for farmers to adapt to new industries
Invest in construction of terracing
|
| Alternative employment |
Develop small-scale hydropower
plants
Develop new local industries in townships to use cheap hydropower and absorb
labour
|
Concentrate on large-scale projects
which divert too much water and electricity from where it is urgently needed
|
New employment opportunities
Cheap hydropower
Subsidized local energy to reduce pressure on forests for fuel
|
Investment costs of hydropower
development
Road improvement to isolated townships
Investment in new industries
|
